translated that culture into the great visual vortex of the 
Graeco-Roman world. The alphabet is a one-way process of 
reduction of nonliterate cultures into the specialist visual 
fragments of our Western world. Money is an adjunct of that 
specialist alphabetic technology, raising even the Gutenberg 
form of mechanical repeatability to new intensity. As the 
alphabet neutralized the divergencies of primitive cultures by 
translation of their complexities into simple visual terms, so 
representative money reduced moral values in the nineteenth 
century. As paper expedited the power of the alphabet to 
reduce the oral barbarians to Roman uniformity of civilization, 
so paper money enabled Western industry to blanket the globe.

     Shortly before the advent of paper money, the greatly 
increased volume of information movement in European 
newsletters and newspapers created the image and concept of